Digital methods such as thin-walled concrete 3D printing have for some time made it possible to produce geometrically complex concrete components. By enabling the formwork-free production of load- and material-optimized components, this technology can play a pivotal role in the development and fabrication of efficient concrete components. However, there is currently no standardized approach to handling material properties and structural analysis. Research into printing geometry and design, reinforcement technology, and initial steps toward structural analysis aims to ensure the production of optimized components. Based on the design of pioneering projects and prototypes, fundamental investigations are conducted—ranging from structural details and mechanisms of action to readiness for implementation. Experimental validation always accompanies the theoretical work. Through the use of innovative thin-walled formwork, a significant amount of concrete and reinforcing steel can be saved in reinforced concrete slabs. Reinforcement and prestressing technology, as well as innovations in printing technology, enable the production of delicate facade panels. Based on practical construction applications, the research results clearly demonstrate that 3D concrete printing can contribute in a cost-effective manner to reducing material consumption and the environmental impact of building components.